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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
VCAM, ICAM, E-selectin Vectors Vinculin Von Hippel-Lindau protein |
X, Y, Z
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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell-derived growth factor that promotes smooth muscle proliferation and angiogenesis. Clinical trials are presently underway to examine the potential of VEGF to promote angiogenesis in the heart.
VCAM, ICAM, E-selectin
Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, intracellular
adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-Selectin play a
central role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, and
its expression is rapidly induced by proinflammatory
cytokines such as TNFalpha. VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ESelection
also play critical roles in many other processes,
such as early atherogenesis.
Vectors
Vectors is a term commonly used to describe the vehicle for carrying DNA and protein. For instance, DNA can be contained within an adenoviral vector or a plasmid vector. Proteins such as the b-subunit of Shiga toxin are also powerful vectors for carrying peptides into cells.
Vinculin
Vinculin is a cytoskeletal protein involved in the building of the adhesion scaffold. It has been suggested that vinculin is a key link that connects early adhesion sites to the actin-driven contractile machinery.
Von Hippel-Lindau protein
von Hippel-Lindau protein is a tumor-suppressor protein. It targets proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. For instance, von Hippel-Lindau protein targets HIF-1α for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
Xanthine oxidase
Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. A byproduct of the xanthine oxidase reaction is superoxide. Therefore, xanthine oxidase is an important source of cellular free radical generation.
Xanthine oxidase
Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme that oxidizes xanthine. This reaction is also a source of free radicals, as superoxide radicals are produced.
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